Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Identifieur interne : 000387 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000386; suivant : 000388Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Auteurs : Arno R. Bourgonje [Pays-Bas] ; Amaal E. Abdulle [Pays-Bas] ; Wim Timens [Pays-Bas] ; Jan-Luuk Hillebrands [Pays-Bas] ; Gerjan J. Navis [Pays-Bas] ; Sanne J. Gordijn [Pays-Bas] ; Marieke C. Bolling [Pays-Bas] ; Gerard Dijkstra [Pays-Bas] ; Adriaan A. Voors [Pays-Bas] ; Albert Dme Osterhaus [Allemagne] ; Peter Hj Van Der Voort [Pays-Bas] ; Douwe J. Mulder [Pays-Bas] ; Harry Van Goor [Pays-Bas]Source :
- The Journal of pathology [ 1096-9896 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
DOI: 10.1002/path.5471
PubMed: 32418199
PubMed Central: PMC7276767
Affiliations:
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Bourgonje</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulle, Amaal E" sort="Abdulle, Amaal E" uniqKey="Abdulle A" first="Amaal E" last="Abdulle">Amaal E. 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Bolling</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dijkstra, Gerard" sort="Dijkstra, Gerard" uniqKey="Dijkstra G" first="Gerard" last="Dijkstra">Gerard Dijkstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voors, Adriaan A" sort="Voors, Adriaan A" uniqKey="Voors A" first="Adriaan A" last="Voors">Adriaan A. 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Mulder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32418199</idno><idno type="pmid">32418199</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/path.5471</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7276767</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000265</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000265</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000265</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000265</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000265</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</title><author><name sortKey="Bourgonje, Arno R" sort="Bourgonje, Arno R" uniqKey="Bourgonje A" first="Arno R" last="Bourgonje">Arno R. Bourgonje</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulle, Amaal E" sort="Abdulle, Amaal E" uniqKey="Abdulle A" first="Amaal E" last="Abdulle">Amaal E. Abdulle</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timens, Wim" sort="Timens, Wim" uniqKey="Timens W" first="Wim" last="Timens">Wim Timens</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillebrands, Jan Luuk" sort="Hillebrands, Jan Luuk" uniqKey="Hillebrands J" first="Jan-Luuk" last="Hillebrands">Jan-Luuk Hillebrands</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navis, Gerjan J" sort="Navis, Gerjan J" uniqKey="Navis G" first="Gerjan J" last="Navis">Gerjan J. Navis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordijn, Sanne J" sort="Gordijn, Sanne J" uniqKey="Gordijn S" first="Sanne J" last="Gordijn">Sanne J. Gordijn</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolling, Marieke C" sort="Bolling, Marieke C" uniqKey="Bolling M" first="Marieke C" last="Bolling">Marieke C. Bolling</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dijkstra, Gerard" sort="Dijkstra, Gerard" uniqKey="Dijkstra G" first="Gerard" last="Dijkstra">Gerard Dijkstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voors, Adriaan A" sort="Voors, Adriaan A" uniqKey="Voors A" first="Adriaan A" last="Voors">Adriaan A. Voors</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Albert Dme" sort="Osterhaus, Albert Dme" uniqKey="Osterhaus A" first="Albert Dme" last="Osterhaus">Albert Dme Osterhaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Voort, Peter Hj" sort="Van Der Voort, Peter Hj" uniqKey="Van Der Voort P" first="Peter Hj" last="Van Der Voort">Peter Hj Van Der Voort</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulder, Douwe J" sort="Mulder, Douwe J" uniqKey="Mulder D" first="Douwe J" last="Mulder">Douwe J. Mulder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of pathology</title><idno type="eISSN">1096-9896</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32418199</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1096-9896</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of pathology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Pathol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/path.5471</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bourgonje</LastName><ForeName>Arno R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-3821</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdulle</LastName><ForeName>Amaal E</ForeName><Initials>AE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Timens</LastName><ForeName>Wim</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-6363</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hillebrands</LastName><ForeName>Jan-Luuk</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Navis</LastName><ForeName>Gerjan J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gordijn</LastName><ForeName>Sanne J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-8609</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bolling</LastName><ForeName>Marieke C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dijkstra</LastName><ForeName>Gerard</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Voors</LastName><ForeName>Adriaan A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Osterhaus</LastName><ForeName>Albert Dme</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van der Voort</LastName><ForeName>Peter Hj</ForeName><Initials>PH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mulder</LastName><ForeName>Douwe J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Goor</LastName><ForeName>Harry</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Pathol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0204634</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0022-3417</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">organ involvement</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pathophysiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">risk factors</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">treatment</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32418199</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/path.5471</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7276767</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>References</Title><Reference><Citation>Wu Z, McGoogan JM. 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Bolling</name><name sortKey="Dijkstra, Gerard" sort="Dijkstra, Gerard" uniqKey="Dijkstra G" first="Gerard" last="Dijkstra">Gerard Dijkstra</name><name sortKey="Gordijn, Sanne J" sort="Gordijn, Sanne J" uniqKey="Gordijn S" first="Sanne J" last="Gordijn">Sanne J. Gordijn</name><name sortKey="Hillebrands, Jan Luuk" sort="Hillebrands, Jan Luuk" uniqKey="Hillebrands J" first="Jan-Luuk" last="Hillebrands">Jan-Luuk Hillebrands</name><name sortKey="Mulder, Douwe J" sort="Mulder, Douwe J" uniqKey="Mulder D" first="Douwe J" last="Mulder">Douwe J. Mulder</name><name sortKey="Navis, Gerjan J" sort="Navis, Gerjan J" uniqKey="Navis G" first="Gerjan J" last="Navis">Gerjan J. Navis</name><name sortKey="Timens, Wim" sort="Timens, Wim" uniqKey="Timens W" first="Wim" last="Timens">Wim Timens</name><name sortKey="Van Der Voort, Peter Hj" sort="Van Der Voort, Peter Hj" uniqKey="Van Der Voort P" first="Peter Hj" last="Van Der Voort">Peter Hj Van Der Voort</name><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><name sortKey="Voors, Adriaan A" sort="Voors, Adriaan A" uniqKey="Voors A" first="Adriaan A" last="Voors">Adriaan A. Voors</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Basse-Saxe"><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Albert Dme" sort="Osterhaus, Albert Dme" uniqKey="Osterhaus A" first="Albert Dme" last="Osterhaus">Albert Dme Osterhaus</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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